Tamil wings: February 2025

METTUR DAM

Mettur Dam, one of the largest dams in India, is built across the Cauvery River in Salem district, Tamil Nadu. It plays a crucial role in irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and drinking water supply for Tamil Nadu. Here’s a brief history of the dam:

History and Construction

Proposal & Planning: The idea for the Mettur Dam was first proposed in the early 20th century to harness the Cauvery River for irrigation in Tamil Nadu, particularly in the Cauvery Delta region.
Construction Period: The construction of the dam began in 1925 and was completed in 1934.
Inauguration: The dam was inaugurated on 21 August 1934 by Sir George Stanley, the then Governor of Madras.
Engineering Feat: Built at a cost of around ₹14 crore at the time, it was considered an engineering marvel, involving the relocation of several villages.

Features of the Mettur Dam

Height: 120 feet (37 meters)
Length: 1,700 meters (5,600 feet)
Storage Capacity: 93.47 TMC (thousand million cubic feet)
Hydroelectric Power: The dam also houses a hydroelectric power station, generating electricity to support the state's energy needs.

Importance of Mettur Dam

Irrigation: The dam irrigates over 2.2 million acres of agricultural land in Tamil Nadu, especially in the Cauvery Delta.
Water Supply: It serves as a key drinking water source for many regions.
Hydropower: The dam contributes to the state’s power generation through its hydroelectric plant.
Tourism: The Mettur Dam and its surrounding gardens, known as Stanley Reservoir, attract tourists.

Challenges & Disputes

Cauvery Water Dispute: The sharing of Cauvery River water between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka has led to prolonged disputes, with the Mettur Dam playing a key role in Tamil Nadu’s demands for water release.
Sedimentation: Over time, sedimentation has reduced its storage capacity, posing challenges for water management.

Current Status

The Mettur Dam remains a lifeline for Tamil Nadu’s farmers, ensuring water supply to delta regions. It is regularly monitored and maintained to manage the annual monsoon inflows and water release policies.

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RICE PRODUCE PROCESS

How to Produce Rice

1. Land Preparation

Clear the land of weeds and debris.
Plow and level the field to retain water.
Apply organic manure or fertilizers for soil enrichment.

2. Seed Selection and Nursery Preparation

Choose high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties.
Soak seeds in water for 24 hours, then incubate for sprouting.
Sow seeds in a well-prepared nursery for 20-30 days.

3. Transplanting or Direct Seeding

Transplanting: Move young seedlings from the nursery to the main field.
Direct Seeding: Sow seeds directly into the field (dry or wet).

4. Water and Nutrient Management

Maintain 2-5 cm of standing water in the field.
Apply fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) at the right growth stages.

5. Weed and Pest Control

Use manual weeding or herbicides to control weeds.
Protect against pests (stem borers, leafhoppers) with pesticides or biological methods.

6. Harvesting

Harvest when rice grains turn golden yellow.
Use sickles or mechanical harvesters.

7. Threshing and Drying

Separate grains from the stalk using a thresher.
Dry grains under the sun or use mechanical dryers to reduce moisture.

8. Storage and Milling

Store dried rice in well-ventilated areas.
Mill to remove husk and bran for polished rice.

Purpose of Rice Production

Food Supply – Staple food for over half the world's population.
Economic Growth – Major export commodity for many countries.
Employment – Provides jobs in farming, processing, and distribution.
Animal Feed – Rice bran is used for livestock feed.
By-products – Rice husk for fuel, rice straw for compost, etc.