Maize is used to refer to the food crop, especially prior to harvesting. A farmer is growing maize, and will eventually harvest maize to sell on the market as corn.

 

🌽 How to Produce Maize (Corn)

1. Land Preparation

• Clear the land: Remove weeds, old crops, or bushes.

• Plow the soil: Helps to aerate and make it easier for roots to grow.

• Add compost or manure: Improves soil fertility.

2. Seed Selection

• Choose high-yielding, disease-resistant maize varieties suitable for your region.

3. Planting

• Spacing: Typically 75 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants.

• Depth: Plant seeds 3–5 cm deep.

• Timing: Plant at the beginning of the rainy season for rain-fed farming.

4. Fertilization

• Apply nitrogen-rich fertilizer (e.g., urea or NPK) at planting and again after 3–4 weeks.

• Follow local extension guidelines for quantity.

5. Weed and Pest Control

• Weed regularly: Especially within the first 6 weeks.

• Use pesticides or natural methods to control pests like stem borers and armyworms.

6. Irrigation (if needed)

• Ensure the crop gets enough water, especially during flowering and grain-filling stages.

7. Harvesting

• Harvest when the maize cobs are dry and hard (around 3–4 months after planting).

• Dry the harvested maize further before storage to prevent mold.

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🎯 Purpose of Maize

1. Food

   • Eaten fresh (sweet corn), boiled, or roasted.

   • Ground into flour for making dishes like ugali, tortillas, cornbread, etc.

2. Animal Feed

   • Used as feed for poultry, cattle, pigs, etc.

3. Industrial Uses

   • Used to make ethanol (biofuel), starch, corn syrup, and other products.

4. By-products

   • Maize husks and stalks can be used for making silage or compost.

5. Export and Trade

• A major cash crop in many countries.

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